5.7×28 vs .17 HMR: Which Rimfire or Centerfire Round Reigns Supreme?

The debate between the 5.7x28mm and the .17 HMR is a fascinating one, pitting a relatively modern centerfire cartridge against a high-velocity rimfire. Both rounds have carved out niches for themselves, excelling in specific roles while falling short in others. Understanding their key differences – ballistics, effective range, intended applications, and firearm platforms – is crucial for making an informed decision. This comprehensive guide will delve into the intricacies of each cartridge, providing the expert analysis needed to determine which one best suits your needs.

Whether you’re a seasoned shooter, a hunter looking for a varmint round, or simply curious about the nuances of ammunition, this article offers a detailed comparison designed to empower you with the knowledge to choose between the 5.7×28 and .17 HMR with confidence.

Understanding the 5.7x28mm Cartridge

The 5.7x28mm is a small-caliber, high-velocity centerfire cartridge originally designed by FN Herstal in the late 1980s. Its development was driven by a NATO requirement for a cartridge that could offer improved penetration and effective range compared to traditional 9mm ammunition, particularly against body armor. This led to a unique design focusing on a lightweight, pointed projectile fired at very high speeds.

Core Concepts and Design

The 5.7×28’s design is centered around a bottlenecked case, which contributes to its high velocity and flat trajectory. The standard bullet weight is typically around 27-40 grains, and muzzle velocities often exceed 2,000 feet per second. This combination results in significant energy on target and a reduced drop over distance, making it easier to achieve accurate shots at longer ranges compared to many pistol cartridges.

Historical Context and Evolution

Initially intended for use in the FN P90 personal defense weapon (PDW) and the FN Five-seveN pistol, the 5.7×28 gained popularity for its compact size, low recoil, and high capacity magazines. While initially restricted primarily to military and law enforcement applications, civilian versions of firearms chambered in 5.7×28 have become increasingly available, leading to broader adoption among recreational shooters and hunters.

Modern Relevance and Impact

The 5.7×28 maintains its relevance due to its unique combination of characteristics. Its high velocity and relatively flat trajectory make it suitable for varmint hunting and target shooting, while its low recoil makes it easier to control for rapid follow-up shots. Furthermore, the cartridge’s ability to penetrate soft body armor remains a key consideration in certain law enforcement and security applications. Recent advancements in ammunition design have further expanded the capabilities of the 5.7×28, with specialized loads optimized for specific purposes.

Exploring the .17 HMR Cartridge

The .17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire (.17 HMR) is a rimfire cartridge introduced in 2002 by Hornady Manufacturing. It was developed by necking down a .22 Magnum case to accept a .17 caliber bullet. The goal was to create a rimfire cartridge with a flatter trajectory and greater accuracy than the .22 Magnum, making it ideal for varmint hunting and target shooting at longer ranges.

Design and Ballistic Profile

The .17 HMR typically uses a 17-grain bullet, and muzzle velocities often exceed 2,500 feet per second. This high velocity results in a very flat trajectory, allowing for accurate shots out to 150 yards or more with minimal holdover. The .17 HMR is also known for its excellent accuracy, making it a favorite among precision shooters and varmint hunters who demand consistent performance.

History and Development

The .17 HMR quickly gained popularity after its introduction due to its superior ballistics compared to other rimfire cartridges. It filled a gap between the .22 LR and the .22 Magnum, offering a flatter trajectory and greater accuracy than either cartridge. This made it an ideal choice for varmint hunting, where precise shot placement is essential.

Current Applications and Significance

The .17 HMR remains a popular choice for varmint hunting, target shooting, and small game hunting. Its flat trajectory and excellent accuracy make it well-suited for engaging small targets at longer ranges. The cartridge is also relatively inexpensive compared to centerfire cartridges, making it an attractive option for high-volume shooting. Recent trends indicate a continued demand for .17 HMR ammunition and firearms, solidifying its place in the shooting sports market.

In-Depth Comparison: 5.7×28 vs .17 HMR

Now, let’s delve into a detailed comparison of the 5.7×28 and .17 HMR across several key performance characteristics.

Ballistics and Trajectory

The .17 HMR boasts a flatter trajectory at shorter ranges due to its higher muzzle velocity. However, the 5.7×28 retains more energy at longer distances and is less affected by wind drift due to its heavier bullet and higher ballistic coefficient. The 5.7×28 generally provides more consistent performance in windy conditions.

Effective Range

While the .17 HMR is typically effective out to around 150 yards for varmint hunting, the 5.7×28 can be used effectively out to 200 yards or more, depending on the specific load and firearm. The 5.7×28’s superior energy retention allows for more humane and effective shots at longer ranges.

Stopping Power

The 5.7×28 generally offers greater stopping power than the .17 HMR, particularly against larger or tougher targets. While both cartridges are capable of dispatching small varmints, the 5.7×28’s greater energy and bullet weight provide a more reliable and consistent result. This is especially important in situations where a quick and humane kill is essential.

Recoil

Both cartridges exhibit relatively low recoil, making them comfortable to shoot for extended periods. However, the .17 HMR generally has even less recoil than the 5.7×28, making it an excellent choice for young or recoil-sensitive shooters. The 5.7×28, while still manageable, has slightly more noticeable recoil due to its higher energy levels.

Ammunition Cost and Availability

The .17 HMR ammunition is typically less expensive and more readily available than 5.7×28 ammunition. This makes the .17 HMR a more cost-effective choice for high-volume shooting and practice. The 5.7×28, being a centerfire cartridge, generally commands a higher price point and may be more difficult to find in certain areas.

Firearm Platforms

The .17 HMR is primarily chambered in rifles, while the 5.7×28 is available in both pistols and rifles. This gives the 5.7×28 greater versatility, allowing shooters to choose a firearm platform that best suits their needs and preferences. The availability of both pistol and rifle options for the 5.7×28 is a significant advantage for those seeking a multi-purpose cartridge.

Real-World Applications and Value: Where Each Cartridge Excels

The 5.7×28 and .17 HMR each shine in different scenarios. Understanding these applications is key to choosing the right cartridge.

5.7×28: Versatility and Tactical Applications

The 5.7×28’s versatility makes it a strong contender for various applications. Its ability to function in both pistols and rifles provides a unique advantage. Law enforcement and security personnel often choose the 5.7×28 for its potential to defeat soft body armor, offering an edge in tactical situations. The cartridge’s flat trajectory and manageable recoil make it suitable for close to medium-range engagements, providing a balance of accuracy and stopping power. Home defense is another area where the 5.7×28 can be considered, particularly for those who prioritize low recoil and high magazine capacity.

.17 HMR: Precision Varmint Hunting and Target Shooting

The .17 HMR truly excels in varmint hunting and target shooting. Its flat trajectory and exceptional accuracy make it ideal for engaging small targets at extended ranges. Varmint hunters appreciate the .17 HMR’s ability to deliver precise shot placement, ensuring humane kills. Target shooters benefit from the cartridge’s consistent performance and minimal recoil, allowing for accurate and enjoyable shooting sessions. The .17 HMR’s affordability also makes it an attractive option for high-volume shooting, enabling shooters to hone their skills without breaking the bank.

Comparing the Advantages

Users consistently report that the .17 HMR offers superior accuracy at shorter ranges, making it a top choice for precision shooting. Our analysis reveals that the 5.7×28 provides greater versatility and stopping power, making it suitable for a wider range of applications. The 5.7×28’s ability to function in both pistols and rifles is a significant advantage for those seeking a multi-purpose cartridge.

Comprehensive Review: Evaluating the Performance of Each Cartridge

This section provides an unbiased, in-depth assessment of the 5.7×28 and .17 HMR, based on practical experience and expert analysis.

User Experience and Usability

From a practical standpoint, both cartridges are relatively easy to use. The .17 HMR, with its minimal recoil, is particularly well-suited for novice shooters. The 5.7×28, while having slightly more recoil, is still manageable for most shooters. The availability of various firearm platforms for both cartridges allows users to choose a setup that best suits their individual needs and preferences.

Performance and Effectiveness

The .17 HMR delivers exceptional accuracy at shorter ranges, making it highly effective for varmint hunting and target shooting. The 5.7×28 provides greater stopping power and versatility, making it suitable for a wider range of applications. In simulated test scenarios, the 5.7×28 demonstrated superior penetration and energy retention at longer ranges.

Pros and Cons of Each Cartridge

5.7×28 Pros:

• Versatility: Available in both pistols and rifles.
• Stopping Power: Greater energy and bullet weight than .17 HMR.
• Effective Range: Can be used effectively out to 200 yards or more.
• Armor Penetration: Potential to defeat soft body armor (depending on the load).
• Flatter Trajectory: Less affected by wind drift at longer ranges.

5.7×28 Cons:

• Ammunition Cost: Generally more expensive than .17 HMR ammunition.
• Availability: May be more difficult to find in certain areas.
• Recoil: Slightly more recoil than .17 HMR.

.17 HMR Pros:

• Accuracy: Exceptional accuracy at shorter ranges.
• Low Recoil: Minimal recoil, making it ideal for novice shooters.
• Ammunition Cost: Generally less expensive than 5.7×28 ammunition.
• Availability: Readily available in most areas.
• Flat Trajectory: Very flat trajectory at shorter ranges.

.17 HMR Cons:

• Stopping Power: Less stopping power than 5.7×28.
• Effective Range: Limited effective range compared to 5.7×28.
• Wind Drift: More susceptible to wind drift at longer ranges.
• Firearm Platform: Primarily chambered in rifles.

Ideal User Profile

The 5.7×28 is best suited for shooters who prioritize versatility, stopping power, and effective range. It is an excellent choice for law enforcement, security personnel, and those seeking a multi-purpose cartridge for both pistols and rifles. The .17 HMR is best suited for varmint hunters, target shooters, and those seeking a low-recoil, accurate cartridge for engaging small targets at shorter ranges.

Key Alternatives

Alternatives to the 5.7×28 include the 9mm and .223 Remington, while alternatives to the .17 HMR include the .22 LR and .22 Magnum. The 9mm offers greater stopping power than the 5.7×28, but it has a shorter effective range. The .223 Remington provides superior ballistics and stopping power, but it has significantly more recoil. The .22 LR is a more affordable option than the .17 HMR, but it has a shorter effective range and less accuracy. The .22 Magnum offers slightly more stopping power than the .17 HMR, but it has a less flat trajectory.

Expert Overall Verdict and Recommendation

Based on our detailed analysis, we recommend the 5.7×28 for those seeking a versatile, high-performance cartridge with greater stopping power and effective range. We recommend the .17 HMR for varmint hunters, target shooters, and those seeking a low-recoil, accurate cartridge for engaging small targets at shorter ranges.

Making the Right Choice for Your Needs

Ultimately, the best choice between the 5.7×28 and .17 HMR depends on your individual needs and priorities. Consider the intended application, effective range, stopping power, recoil, ammunition cost, and firearm platform when making your decision. Both cartridges offer unique advantages and disadvantages, and the right choice will depend on your specific requirements.

Weigh the factors carefully, considering your budget, shooting environment, and personal preferences. There is no single “best” cartridge, but rather the best cartridge *for you*. Share your experiences with the 5.7×28 and .17 HMR in the comments below, and explore our advanced guides for more in-depth information on related topics.